背景及推介原因
在商界無能混亂的領袖,會損害投資者價值,令股價下跌,股東無錢分、搞 壞公司文化、拖低長遠員工生產力、人人無運行;在政界無能而邪惡的領袖,例如Stalin, Hitler 和 Saddam Hussein,更會帶來生靈涂炭、毀滅性的人道災難。
Barbara Kellerman是哈佛政治學院Harvard Kennedy School的研究員。如果不研究bad leadership的成因和遺害,只一面倒研究good leadership,不正視及預防人性惡劣問題,很容易重蹈覆徹。
摘要
差 劣領導(bad leadership)分為無能(ineffective)及不道德(unethical)。Kellerman認為人忍受bad leadership除了直接自身利益外,更因為心理上需要safety、simplicity、certainty、need to belong。
七種差劣領導Kellerman將差劣領導,以行為模式分為七種,每種會舉幾個失敗人辨作為例子,而每節亦會深入研究一個超級失敗人辨,令讀者有所警惕提防:
Incompetent - The leader and at least some followers lack the will or skill (or both) to sustain effective action. With regard to at least one important leadership challenge, they do not create positive change.
人辨:Juan Antonio Samaranch (有意無意漠視Olympics Committee利益輸送,導致機構腐敗)
Rigid - The leader and at least some followers are still and unyielding. Although they may be competent, they are unable or willing to adapt to new ideas, new information, or changing times.
人辨:Mary Meeker (死撐科網股,累投資者輸錢)
Intemperate - The leader lacks self control and is aided or abetted by followers who are unwilling or unable effectively to intervene.
人 辨:Gary Hart (公眾人物婚外情性醜聞)、Jesse Jackson (公眾人物婚外情私生女醜聞)、James Bakker (身為牧師反同志但被爆出同性及異性不倫性醜聞,及偷竊超過五千八百萬美金)、Henry Lyons (身為牧師被爆出婚外情醜聞,偷竊四百萬美金)、William Bennett(高調道德家被爆賭錢輸掉八百萬美金)、Marion Barry Jr. (沉淪毒海)
Callous - The leader and at least some followers are uncaring or unkind. Ignored or discounted are the needs, wants and wishes of most members of the group or organizations, especially subordinates.
人辨:Al Dunlap(亂炒40%職工博股價反彈)
Corrupt - The leader and at least some followers lie, cheat or steal. To a degree that exceeds the norm, they put self-interest ahead of the public interests.
人辨:Vincent Cianci Jr.(不道德的政治強人領袖)、Mario Villanueva(墨西哥省督兼任毒梟,協助偷運價值$20億美金可卡因),Andrew Faustow(Enron做數CFO)
Insular - The leader and at least some followers minimize or disregard the health and welfare of "the other" - that is, those outside the group or organization for which they are directly responsible.
人辨:Lee Raymond (Exxon Mobile President漠視全球暖化,游說拒簽京都條約'their need has yet to proven, their total impact, undefined, and when nations are not prepared to act in concert')、James W. Johnston (煙草公司RJ Reynolds CEO,死撐吸煙不會上癮 'Cigarettes are no more addictive than coffee, tea, or Twinkies.')
Evil -
人 辨:The leader and at least some followers commit atrocities. They use pain as an instrument of power. The harm done to men, women and children is severe rather than slight. The harm can be physical, psychological or both.
人辨: Saddam Hussein (酷刑虐待異見人士及家人)、Pol Pot(
柬埔寨屠殺170萬人)、Jim Jones(邪教殘殺900人)、Radovan Karadzic(
精神科醫生變暴君)
評論Kellerman收集了許多無能混亂領袖的案例,但沒有教導如被bad leader打壓該如何處理。
標籤: 名利場-上進篇, 好書推介, 經濟金融